// monograph
· #002GHK-Cu
glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper(II) complex
tripeptide-copper complex·MW 393.92·CAS 49557-75-7·monograph #002
VERIFIED
// 01 · identification
common name
GHK-Cu
iupac name
glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper(II) complex
sequence
GHK
molecular formula
C14H22CuN6O4
molecular weight
393.92
cas number
49557-75-7
pubchem cid
// 02 · pharmacology
mechanism of action
naturally occurring tripeptide-copper complex with high affinity for copper(II) ions. modulates expression of more than 4,000 human genes involved in tissue remodeling, antioxidant defense, and DNA repair. stimulates fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects through suppression of TNF-alpha and IL-6.
half-life
~30 min plasma
bioavailability
topical and subcutaneous primarily
routes
topical, subcutaneous
// 03 · clinical evidence
pubmed citations
top citations
- GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration
- GHK and DNA: resetting the human genome to health
clinicaltrials.gov
- NCT04601610Phase 2 · Completed · University of Vienna
fda status
not regulated · cosmetic and research use
// 04 · risk profile
side effects
- •mild skin irritation at application site
- •rare contact dermatitis
contraindications
- •copper hypersensitivity
- •wilson disease
regulatory class
cosmetic ingredient · research chemical
// 05 · on-chain reference
primary token
—
recent activity
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// 06 · provenance
authored by
probant.curator.01
last reviewed
2h ago
on-chain signature
4nMcW8mZ…cDeFgHi3signed by probant.signer.7xK4…zn4P
monograph #002 · published May 04, 2026 · last updated May 04, 2026
probant is an open-data registry. monographs are curated references — not medical advice, not regulatory guidance.